The following story comes from our 2025 City Guide. To order a physical copy, make a request here.
History courses through Norfolk’s veins, and thankfully much of it can still be enjoyed today. Here, you’ll find a major stop on the Underground Railroad, the site of a Revolutionary War shelling, a pivotal Civil War nautical battle, America’s largest naval base, historic homes dating back to the early 1700s, Fort Norfolk, a 19th Century military garrison and a bounty of African American history landmarks.
A Deeply Rooted History
Norfolk’s history dates back more than 400 years, making it one of the oldest cities in the United States. Established in 1682, the city has played a pivotal role in American history, from its early days as a colonial port to its strategic importance during the American Revolution and Civil War. Norfolk’s historical legacy is evident in its well-preserved architecture, cobblestone streets and historic districts, where echoes of the past can still be felt. Today, the city embraces its history while looking toward the future, blending old-world charm with modern development.
African American Heritage and the Attucks Theatre
At the heart of Norfolk’s cultural identity is its rich African American heritage, which has been instrumental in shaping the city’s history. A key landmark celebrating this legacy is the historic Attucks Theatre. Built in 1919, it is the oldest remaining theater in the nation designed, built, and operated by African Americans, standing as a powerful symbol of the community’s resilience and artistic spirit. It is also a fantastic place to catch a show. Norfolk is also part of Waterways to Freedom, a significant network that helped enslaved individuals seek freedom through the Underground Railroad. For more local history, visit the Norfolk Botanical Garden, which was built by 220 African American men and women as part of a 1938 Works Progress Administration grant. Noroflk’s West Point Cemetery is the final resting place for 20 Black veterans who fought for the Union in the Civil War – a 1920 monument stands sentinel over their graves.
Rebuilding After Adversity
Norfolk’s resilience has been tested many times, particularly during the 20th Century. After a devastating fire in 1907 that destroyed much of its downtown, Norfolk rebuilt itself with a determination that reflected the spirit of its people. The city has continually transformed, facing challenges head-on and emerging stronger each time. This spirit of resilience is still visible today, with Norfolk constantly evolving to meet the needs of its diverse population while preserving its rich historical legacy.
A Hub of Military and International Influence
Norfolk’s story is also profoundly shaped by its military ties. Home to Naval Station Norfolk, the world’s largest naval base, and NATO‘s North American headquarters, the city has a longstanding tradition of training the best and brightest to defend democracy.
As a bonus, military presence has made Norfolk a melting pot of cultures and a place where international and national influences converge. See the Naval Station from the water on the Victory Rover or on land via Naval Station Norfolk Bus Tours. The city’s commitment to honoring its military roots is evident at places such as the MacArthur Memorial, the annual NATO Parade of Nations and its sister event, the jaw-dropping Virginia International Tattoo.
Make a stop at St. Paul’s Episcopal Church where, during the Revolutionary War, Lord Dunmore fired a cannonball that remains stuck in the church’s south-facing wall – it’s now part of the historic and fascinating Cannonball Trail. Look out at the Elizabeth River from the Waterside District or Plum Point Park to see where the Battle of the Monitor and Merrimack pitted ironclad ships against one another during America’s Civil War. Linger at Fort Norfolk to see one of the nation’s oldest harborfront forts authorized by George Washington in 1794. Dig deeper into the area’s maritime history at the Hampton Roads Naval Museum inside Nauticus. While at Nauticus, learn more about the area’s maritime history including the Port of Virginia, the fifth-largest container port in the United States, and a major employer in Norfolk.
Celebrating Diversity: Norfolk’s LGBTQ+ Community
Beyond its historical and military significance, Norfolk is known for its strong LGBTQ+ community and commitment to inclusivity. Every year, Pride Month brings the city to life with celebrations such as the Hampton Roads PrideFest, the Pride Block Party, and the dazzling Parade of Boats.
A City Where History and Community Thrive
In Norfolk, history is not just remembered; it is lived and celebrated daily. Whether you’re exploring its African American roots, experiencing its military heritage or joining in the vibrant celebrations of the LGBTQ+ community, Norfolk is a place where the past and present merge to create a city rich in culture and community spirit. Here, every corner tells a story, making Norfolk not just a destination but a heartfelt home for all who visit.
